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Utilization of plant bioindicators in monitoring of environmental contamination
Koláček, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Environmental contamination may be observed by different analytical tools as well as by various types of bioindicators providing relevant information about the effects of toxic substances and their mixtures towards organisms in situ. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of plant bioindicators and biomonitors suitable for biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in natural ecosystems. For groups of organic pollutants such as PCBs, PCDDs / Fs, PBDEs, PAHs, PFCs, and OCPs, review of literature is provided including knowledge about different species of coniferous trees, angiospermous plants (including crops), mosses and lichens that can be used for monitoring. In this work, analysis examples of samples of pine needles, bark, moss and lichen tissue are quoted as biomonitor tools. An overview of plants for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity observation using pollen grains abortivity and online bioindication as an example on non-specific biomonitoring is also provided.
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Species traits of soil fauna and ecosystem functions during recovery after major disturbances
Salazar Fillippo, Andres Alberto ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee) ; Józefowska, Agnieszka (referee)
Growing evidence indicates that interactions between above and belowground communities are essential for healthy and functioning ecosystems. This, however, has exposed a disproportionate knowledge gap in soil communities, which remain poorly understood both at a taxonomic and ecological level when compared to their aboveground counterpart. Studying assembly processes of communities along with structuring forces driving these changes facilitate observing key dynamics within the ecosystem. For this reason, three out of four manuscripts included in the current thesis focus on chronosequences in different successional stages after restoration of major disturbances. The first chronosequence consisted of four sites (10 years, 30 years, 50 years, and a >100 years reference site) in heathlands restored using top-soil removal from North- East Belgium. Here I studied trait assemblages of oribatid mite communities that revealed different ecomorphological groups changing with time during succession, and we also quantitatively assessed the contribution of phoresy via rodents to the dispersal of oribatid mites between restored sites. In the second chronosequence on spoil heaps from the mining district of Sokolov (Czech Republic) with sites ranging from 1 to 41 years, I identified explicit relationships between...
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Use of mosses for bioindication of atmospheric deposition
Ullmannová, Adéla ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Atmospheric deposition of pollutants is a significant environmental problem that can have a serious impact on ecosystems and human health. Therefore, monitoring this process is essential to assess its impacts and develop effective mitigation strategies. This bachelor's thesis is a literature review that deals with the use of mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric deposition. Mosses are sensitive to environmental changes and can accumulate pollutants from the atmospheric deposition, making them valuable and widely utilised bioindicators of the atmospheric deposition loads. The thesis summarizes the different types of pollutants that can be deposited in the atmosphere and the methods used to collect and analyze moss samples. It also discusses factors that influence the response of mosses to atmospheric deposition, such as species differences, geographical location and environmental conditions. It examines the advantages and limitations of their use as bioindicators. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between mosses and atmospheric deposition and to design a unified protocol that standardizes methods and increases their effectiveness for international monitoring of environmental pollution. The work highlights the importance of monitoring atmospheric deposition...
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Use of mosses for bioindication of atmospheric deposition
Ullmannová, Adéla ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Atmospheric deposition of pollutants is a significant environmental problem that can have serious impacts on ecosystems and human health. Therefore, monitoring this process is essential to assess its impacts and develop effective mitigation strategies. This bachelor's thesis is a literature review that examines the use of mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric deposition. Mosses are sensitive to environmental changes and can accumulate pollutants from the atmosphere, making them valuable bioindicators. The thesis summarizes the different types of pollutants that can be deposited in the atmosphere and the methods used to collect and analyze moss samples. It also discusses factors that influence the response of mosses to atmospheric deposition, such as species differences, geographical location, and environmental conditions. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of using mosses as bioindicators are considered. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between mosses and atmospheric deposition and to design a unified protocol that standardizes methods and increases their effectiveness for international monitoring of environmental pollution. The work highlights the importance of monitoring atmospheric deposition and provides valuable insights into the potential of...
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Analysis of the macrozoobenthos community in flows with non-native fish and crustacean species
LORENC, Ondřej
The main objective of this bachelor thesis was to analyse and correctly determine the individual species of benthic organisms, that were present in the samples collected from the Jílovský (LJ) and Luční (LL) brooks, which are tributaries of the Elbe River. The sampling was carried out for two years (2018 and 2019). In each year, 12 samples were collected from the upper and lower reaches of these streams, both from the pools (P) and the stream reaches (R). The information was then used to assess various indicators of the macrozoobenthos community, namely the Sorenson similarity index, the Shannon Wiener diversity index and the saprobic index. The dominant group during both years for most samples was Diptera, with abundances ranging from 826 to 4228 ind. m-2 for individual sections. Their abundance was exceeded in only two cases out of eight. The first time was in 2018 in section LJ1, where many Oligochaeta (Enchytraeus sp.) were present, exactly 49942 ind. m-2, and the second time, also in 2018, in section LL2. Similarity according to the Sorenson index was found only once before comparing the upper sections with the lower sections in 2018 in the Jílovský Brook (70.97%). Diversity was mostly low, except in section LL2 in 2019 where medium diversity was found. Saprobic index values were higher in the lower reaches than in the upper reaches for both streams. It reached the highest value of 3.85 (polysaprobity) in the lower section of Luční Brook in 2018. The lowest value of the saprobic index was 1.9, which was reached in the upper section of Luční Brook in 2019. Results of diversity and saprobicity indicate an unnatural benthic condition in both streams, especially in sections closer to the confluence with the Elbe River. The macrozoobenthos community is strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities in these parts of both streams. One non-native species of macrozoobenthos, the Potamopyrgus antipodarum, was found in samples from both streams. In view of the condition of the macrozoobenthos communities in the Jílovský and Luční brooks, the main problem of these streams is the organic load caused by human activities.
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Distribution and ecology of the turbellarian Dugesia tigrina in the Vltava river and selected Prague brooks and its interactions with native turbellarian species
Sevruková, Natálie ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Key words: (Dugesia tigrina), ecology, bioindication, predation, Vltava, Prague The main goal of my thesis was the research of occurrence and ecology of planarians of the group Ttricladida in the Vltava River and some brooks flowing through the territory of Prague. The emphasis was given on the non-native North American species - Dugesia tigrina. The research can be divided into field surveys of population size and ecological requirements of planarians and a laboratory experiment, in which I have investigated the predation behavior of planarians. During my fieldwork, which took place from August 22th to November 11th 2009, I have found out that the Dugesia tigrina occurs only in the Vltava river, in six of the nine studied localities. During the research it was not found in the studied brooks. It chooses localities with a natural shoreline, deeper ground, rapid water and it lives in company of mainly Dugesia polychroa. It appeared at moderately polluted places. During the predation experiment, which ran from December 17th 2009 to October 20th 2010 at a temperature of 14 řC and triple repetitions in all mutual combinations of five planarian species, intraspecific cannibalism and frequent asexual reproduction of Dugesia tigrina was comfirmed. The experiment showed mainly preying of indigenous...
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Autotrophic microbial growths on needles of gymnospermous trees in relation to air pollution
Nováková, Radka ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Hodač, Ladislav (referee)
Aero-terestric algae occure on a wide range of substrates, such as soil, plant, stone and rock surfaces and also on a variety of anthropogenic substrates. Morphological convergence towards coccoid or filamentous thalli, caused by frequent dessication stress, is typical for this group. Algae are frequently used for biomonitoring of various biotopes, mostly water biotopes, but also for bioindication of air quality. My diploma thesis is based on a study of autotrophic microbial growths on spruce and yew needles in relation to various air quality measures evaluating air pollution of sites. The results show that the occurence of microbial growths on needles is primarily influenced by the orientation towards cardinal points. However, the air pollution factors also proved to be significantly related to the quantitative measures of the microbial assemblages. Among them, the relative proportion of algae in microbial growths was the most tightly related to air pollution.
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Distribution and ecology of the turbellarian Dugesia tigrina in the Vltava river and selected Prague brooks and its interactions with native turbellarian species
Sevruková, Natálie ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Key words: (Dugesia tigrina), ecology, bioindication, predation, Vltava, Prague The main goal of my thesis was the research of occurrence and ecology of planarians of the group Ttricladida in the Vltava River and some brooks flowing through the territory of Prague. The emphasis was given on the non-native North American species - Dugesia tigrina. The research can be divided into field surveys of population size and ecological requirements of planarians and a laboratory experiment, in which I have investigated the predation behavior of planarians. During my fieldwork, which took place from August 22th to November 11th 2009, I have found out that the Dugesia tigrina occurs only in the Vltava river, in six of the nine studied localities. During the research it was not found in the studied brooks. It chooses localities with a natural shoreline, deeper ground, rapid water and it lives in company of mainly Dugesia polychroa. It appeared at moderately polluted places. During the predation experiment, which ran from December 17th 2009 to October 20th 2010 at a temperature of 14 řC and triple repetitions in all mutual combinations of five planarian species, intraspecific cannibalism and frequent asexual reproduction of Dugesia tigrina was comfirmed. The experiment showed mainly preying of indigenous...
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Utilization of plant bioindicators in monitoring of environmental contamination
Koláček, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Environmental contamination may be observed by different analytical tools as well as by various types of bioindicators providing relevant information about the effects of toxic substances and their mixtures towards organisms in situ. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of plant bioindicators and biomonitors suitable for biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in natural ecosystems. For groups of organic pollutants such as PCBs, PCDDs / Fs, PBDEs, PAHs, PFCs, and OCPs, review of literature is provided including knowledge about different species of coniferous trees, angiospermous plants (including crops), mosses and lichens that can be used for monitoring. In this work, analysis examples of samples of pine needles, bark, moss and lichen tissue are quoted as biomonitor tools. An overview of plants for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity observation using pollen grains abortivity and online bioindication as an example on non-specific biomonitoring is also provided.
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